The Exegesis of Explicit (Muhkamat) and Implicit (Mustashabihat) Verses in the Holy Qur’an: The Role of Stopping (Waqf) According to Early Scholars

Abstract

The exegesis of the Holy Qur’an has been a subject of scholarly inquiry for centuries, with early scholars offering diverse perspectives on the classification and definition of explicit (Muhkamat) and implicit (Mustashabihat) verses. These scholars dissected non-explicit verses into various categories, each with distinct characteristics. Amidst these discussions, the concept of “stopping” (Waqf) assumes significant importance, particularly in understanding the nuances of these verses.

The verse, “He is the One Who has revealed to you, ˹O Prophet˺, the Book, some of whose verses are precise—they form the foundation of the Book—while others are elusive” (Qur’an 3:7), serves as a focal point for unraveling the interplay between explicit and implicit elements. Deviant hearts exploit the elusive verses, propagating doubt through distorted interpretations. However, only Allah comprehends their full meaning. Conversely, those grounded in knowledge affirm their belief in the Qur’an as divine revelation. In this concise article, we explore the role of “stopping” (Waqf) in defining and categorizing explicit and non-explicit verses, drawing insights from early scholars of Qur’anic interpretation. We elucidate the conditions governing “stopping” and emphasize the quality of reasoning applied to these verses. Ultimately, we highlight the most favorable scholarly opinions. In the delineation of explicit and non-explicit verses, early scholars engaged in spirited debates regarding the placement of “stopping” (Waqf) within the verse. Some favored one form of “stopping” while disregarding the other, while others endorsed alternative “stopping” patterns. Notably, a group of scholars restricted “stopping” to the blessed word “Allah” within the verse, asserting that non-explicit verses remain inscrutable, accessible only to Allah’s knowledge.